All Issue

2019 Vol.37, Issue 5 Preview Page

Research Article

Growth and Biochemical Responses of Ice Plant Irradiated by Various Visible Light Spectra in Plant Factories
Ji-Won Lee12†
,
Ki-Ho Son3†
,
Jin-Hui Lee12
,
Yun-Jung Kim12
,
Myung-Min Oh12*
1Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University
2Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Resource Development, Chungbuk National University
3Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology
* Corresponding Author
† These authors contributed equally to this work.
31 October 2019. pp. 598-608
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

The goal of this study was to determine the effects of various visible light spectra on the growth and bioactive compounds of ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) in a plant factory with artificial light. Three-week-old seedlings were transplanted into subirrigation systems in a plant factory (average of 23°C air temperature, 60% relative humidity, 170 µmol∙m-2∙s-1 photosynthetic photon flux density, 12 h photoperiod, and 1,000 µmol∙mol-1 CO2) equipped with fluorescent lamps (FL, control); monochromatic red (R, 654 nm), green (G, 518 nm), and blue (B, 455 nm) light- emitting diodes (LEDs); and various combinations of R and B (R:B = 6:4, 7:3, 8:2, 9:1), or RB with G (R:G:B = 5:1:4, 6:1:3, 7:1:2, 8:1:1, 9:1:0) LEDs. Shoot fresh weight was higher in the R8B2, R7B3, and R8G1B1 treatments, but did not significantly differ from that in the control. Root fresh weight was highest in the R8G1B1 treatment among all treatments. Leaf area showed a similar trend to shoot fresh weight. The specific leaf weight increased as the ratio of B LEDs increased under the RB and RGB treatments, except in the R8G1B1 treatment. Plants in the RGB treatments with 5 - 6% G light had a higher photosynthetic rate when compared with the RB treatments. The total phenolic content based on unit grams in plants irradiated with RB and RGB LEDs did not show a significant difference except in the R9G1B0 treatment. Antioxidant capacity per unit dry weight tended to increase as the ratio of B LEDs increased in the RB treatments. Regarding total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity per plant, the highest values were recorded in treatments R8B2, R7B3, and R8G1B1, which was similar to the shoot growth results. These results indicate that LEDs with R8B2, R7B3, and R8G1B1 ratios, as well as FL, are suitable visible lighting sources for producing high-value ice plants in plant factories.

Keywords
antioxidants
light-emitting diodes
light quality
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.
total phenolic content
References
1
Agarie S, Kawaguchi A, Kodera A, Sunagawa H, Kojima H, Nose A, Nakahara T (2009) Potential of the common ice plant, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum as a new high-functional food as evaluated by polyol accumulation. Plant Prod Sci 12:37-46. doi:10.1626/pps.12.37
10.1626/pps.12.37
2
Ainsworth EA, Gillespie KM (2007) Estimation of total phenolic content and other oxidation substrates in plant tissues using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Nat Protoc 2:875-877. doi:10.1038/nprot.2007.102
10.1038/nprot.2007.10217446889
3
Bautista I, Boscaiu M, Lidón A, Llinares JV, Lull C, Donat MP, Mayoral O, Vicente O (2016) Environmentally induced changes in antioxidant phenolic compounds levels in wild plants. Acta Physiol Plant 38:9. doi:10.1007/s11738-015-2025-2
10.1007/s11738-015-2025-2
4
Cha MK, Park KS, Cho YY (2016a) Estimation of cardinal temperatures for germination of seeds from the common ice plant using bilinear, parabolic, and beta distribution models. Korean J Hortic Sci Technol 34:236-241. doi:10.12972/kjhst.20160024
10.12972/kjhst.20160024
5
Cha MK, Park KS, Cho YY (2016b) Growth characteristics of common ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) on nutrient solution, light intensity and planting distance in closed-type plant production system. Prot Hortic Plant Fact 25:89-94. doi: 10.12791/ksbec.2016.25.2.89
10.12791/KSBEC.2016.25.2.89
6
Chen XL, Guo WZ, Xue XZ, Wang LC, Qiao XJ (2014) Growth and quality responses of 'Green Oak Leaf' lettuce as affected by monochromic or mixed radiation provided by fluorescent lamp (FL) and light-emitting diode (LED). Sci Hortic 172:168-175. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2014.04.009
10.1016/j.scienta.2014.04.009
7
Do QMK, Koo YM (2007) Isolation and physiological activities of pinitol in Lespedeza cuneata. Master Diss., Inha Univ., Korea.
8
Jeon YM, Son KH, Kim SM, Oh MM (2017) Growth and bioactive compounds as affected by irradiation with various spectrum of light-emitting diode lights in dropwort. Hortic Environ Biotechnol 58:467-478. doi:10.1007/s13580-017-0354-3
10.1007/s13580-017-0354-3
9
Jo JS, Phonsuwan M, Kim JY, Moon AK, Kim HT (2016) Growth of common ice plant by photoperiod in the plant factory cultural systems. J Korean Soc Agric Machinery 21:104-105
10
Kang SM, Kim SJ, Ha SH, Lee CR, Nam SH (2016) Biochemical components and physiological activities of ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum). J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 45:1732-1739. doi:10.3746/jkfn.2016.45.12.1732
10.3746/jkfn.2016.45.12.1732
11
Kim HH, Goins GD, Wheeler RM, Sager JC (2004a) Green-light supplementation for enhanced lettuce growth under red and blue-light-emitting diodes. HortScience 39:1617-1622. doi:10.21273/hortsci.39.7.1617
10.21273/HORTSCI.39.7.161715770792
12
Kim SJ, Hahn EJ, Heo JW, Paek KY (2004b) Effects of LEDs on net photosynthetic rate, growth and leaf stomata of chrysanthemum plantlets in vitro. Sci Hortic 101:143-151. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2003.10.003
10.1016/j.scienta.2003.10.003
13
Kim YJ, Kim HM, Hwang SJ (2016) Growth and phytochemical contents of ice plant as affected by light quality in a closed-type plant production system. Korean J Hortic Sci Technol 34:878-885. doi:10.12972/kjhst.20160092
10.12972/kjhst.20160092
14
Klein RM (1992) Effects of green light on biological systems. Biol Rev 67:199-284. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185x.1992.tb01019.x
10.1111/j.1469-185X.1992.tb01019.x1498206
15
Kozai T (2013) Sustainable plant factory: Closed plant production systems with artificial light for high resource use efficiencies and quality produce. Acta Hortic 1004:27-40. doi:10.17660/actahortic.2013.1004.2
10.17660/ActaHortic.2013.1004.2
16
Kozai T, Niu G, Takagaki M (2016) Plant factory, an indoor vertical farming system for efficient quality food production. Ed 1. Academic Press, London, UK.
17
Kubasek WL, Shirley BW, McKillop A, Goodman HM, Briggs W, Ausubel FM (1992) Regulation of flavonoid biosynthetic genes in germinating Arabidopsis seedlings. Plant Cell 4:1229-1236. doi:10.1105/tpc.4.10.1229
10.1105/tpc.4.10.122912297632PMC160210
18
Lee SY, Choi HD, Yu SN, Kim SH, Park SK, Ahn SC (2015) Biological activities of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (ice plant) extract. Life Sci 25:638-645. doi:10.5352/jls.2015.25.6.638
10.5352/JLS.2015.25.6.638
19
Liu XY, Guo SR, Xu ZG, Jiao XL, Takafumi T (2011) Regulation of chloroplast ultrastructure, cross-section anatomy of leaves and morphology of stomata of cherry tomato by different light irradiations of LEDs. HortScience 46:217-221. doi:10.21273/hortsci.46.2.217
10.21273/HORTSCI.46.2.217
20
Macedo AF, Costa MVL, Tavares ES, Lagec CLS, Esquibelc MA (2011) The effect of light quality on leaf production and development of in vitro-cultured plants of Alternanthera brasiliana Kuntze. Environ Exp Bot 70:43-50. doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2010.05.012
10.1016/j.envexpbot.2010.05.012
21
Nishio JN (2000) Why are higher plants green? Evolution of the higher plant photosynthetic pigment complement. Plant Cell Environ 23:539-548. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3040.2000.00563.x
10.1046/j.1365-3040.2000.00563.x
22
Park KS, Kim SK, Cho, YY, Cha MK, Jung DH, Son JE (2016) A coupled model of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance for the ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.), a facultative CAM plant. Hortic Environ Biotechnol 57:259-265. doi:10.1007/s13580- 016-0027-7
10.1007/s13580-016-0027-7
23
Qian HM, Liu TY, Deng MD, Miao HY, Cai CX, Shen WS, Wang QM (2016) Effects of light quality on main health-promoting compounds and antioxidant capacity of Chinese kale sprouts. Food Chem 196:1232-1238. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.10.055
10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.10.05526593611
24
Rabara RC, Behrman G, Timbol T, Rushton PJ (2017) Effect of spectral quality of monochromatic LED lights on the growth of artichoke seedlings. Front Plant Sci 8:190. doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.00190
10.3389/fpls.2017.0019028261245PMC5313474
25
Shevyakova NI, Netronina IA, Aronova EE, Kuznetsov VV (2003) Compartmentation of cadmium and iron in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum plants during the adaptation to cadmium stress. Russ J Plant Physiol 50:678-685. doi:10.1023/A:1025652510658
10.1023/A:1025652510658
26
Son KH, Oh MM (2013) Leaf shape, growth and antioxidant phenolic compounds of two lettuce cultivars grown under various combinations of blue and red light-emitting diodes. HortScience 48:988-995. doi:10.21273/hortsci.48.8.988
10.21273/HORTSCI.48.8.988
27
Son KH, Oh MM (2015) Growth, photosynthetic and antioxidant parameters of two lettuce cultivars as affected by red, green, and blue light-emitting diodes. Hortic Environ Biotechnol 56:639-653. doi:10.1007/s13580-015-1064-3
10.1007/s13580-015-1064-3
28
Son KH, Park JH, Kim DI, Oh MM (2012) Leaf shape index, growth, and phytochemicals in two leaf lettuce cultivars grown under monochromatic light-emitting diodes. Korean J Hortic Sci Technol 30:664-672. doi:10.7235/hort.2012.12063
10.7235/hort.2012.12063
29
Son KH, Song MJ, Oh MM (2016) Comparison of combined light-emitting diodes and fluorescent lamps for growth and light use efficiency of red leaf lettuce. Prot Hortic Plant Fact 25:139-145. doi:10.12791/ksbec.2016.25.3.139
10.12791/KSBEC.2016.25.3.139
30
Son MS, Seo MS, Lee SH (2009) Characteristics of pinitol as a functional food biomaterial. J Life Sci 19:147-151. doi:10.5352/jls.2009.19. 1.147
10.5352/JLS.2009.19.1.147
31
Talbott LD, Nikolova G, Ortiz A, Shmayevich I, Zeiger E (2002) Green light reversal of blue-light-stimulated stomatal opening is found in a diversity of plant species. Am J Bot 89:366-368. doi:10.3732/ajb.89.2.366
10.3732/ajb.89.2.36621669746
32
Terashima I, Fujita T, Inoue T, Chow WS, Oguchi R (2009) Green light drives leaf photosynthesis more efficiently than red light in strong white light: Revisiting the enigmatic question of why leaves are green. Plant Cell Physiol 50:684-697. doi:10.1093/pcp/pcp034
10.1093/pcp/pcp03419246458
33
Wang H, Gua M, Cui J, Shi K, Zhou Y, Yu J (2009) Effects of light quality on CO2 assimilation, chlorophyll-fluorescence quenching, expression of Calvin cycle genes and carbohydrate accumulation in Cucumis sativus. J Photochem Photobiol B, Biol 96:30-37. doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2009.03.010
10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2009.03.01019410482
34
Xu F, Shi L, Chen W, Cao S, Su X, Yang Z (2014) Effect of blue light treatment on fruit quality, antioxidant enzymes and radical-scavenging activity in strawberry fruit. Sci Hortic 175:181-186. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2014.06.012
10.1016/j.scienta.2014.06.012
35
Yang Y, Zhang FS, Li HF, Jiang RF (2009) Accumulation of cadmium in the edible parts of six vegetable species grown in Cd-contaminated soils. J Environ Manag 90:1117-1122. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.05.004
10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.05.00418583020
Information
  • Publisher :KOREAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
  • Publisher(Ko) :원예과학기술지
  • Journal Title :Horticultural Science and Technology
  • Journal Title(Ko) :원예과학기술지
  • Volume : 37
  • No :5
  • Pages :598-608
  • Received Date : 2019-06-18
  • Revised Date : 2019-08-07
  • Accepted Date : 2019-08-09
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7235/HORT.20190060
Journal Informaiton Horticultural Science and Technology Horticultural Science and Technology
Online Submission
  • scopus
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • crossref crossmark
  • crossref cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close