All Issue

2020 Vol.38, Issue 3 Preview Page

Research Article

Effects of Nitrogen Concentration on Root Respiration Rate and Nonstructural Carbohydrates of Walnut Seedlings

초음파와 베이킹 소다 처리가 채소 유기종자 소독과 발아율에 미치는 영향

Min-Jeong Kim1
,
Chang-Ki Shim1*
,
Ju Kim1
,
Byong-Gu Ko1
김 민정1
,
심 창기1*
,
김 주1
,
고 병구1
1Organic Agriculture Division, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration
1국립농업과학원 농업환경부 유기농업과
* Corresponding Author
30 June 2020. pp. 332-341
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to estimate the efficacy of 2% baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) and ultra-sonication on the fungi and bacteria disinfection and germination of organic vegetable seeds. The predominant fungi and bacterium were Altanaria sp. and Pseudomonas sp. in organic vegetable seeds. The treatment of 2% baking soda alone showed low germination rate of organic root, leafy vegetable and cucurbit seeds, but the germination and disinfection efficacy was increased by the combined treatment with 2% baking soda and ultra-sonication. Among the vegetable seeds, Radish, turnip, Chinese cabbage, and cabbage treated with 2% baking soda and ultra-sonication for one minute had the highest disinfection and germination efficacy. Also, beet, melon and watermelon were the highest disinfection and germination efficiency for 2 minutes of the combined treatment with 2% baking soda and ultra-sonication. In the future, the eco-friendly seed disinfection technology using ultra-sonication and baking soda is more effective and economical methods, so we need to expand research on other organic crops.

Keywords
baking soda
organic seed
sonication
sterilization
vegetable

본 연구에서는 2% 베이킹 소다와 초음파의 단독 및 혼합 처리가 근채류, 엽채류, 과채류 유기종자의 곰팡이와 세균의 소독 효과와 발아율에 미치는 영향을 검정하고자 하였다. 근채류, 엽채류, 과채류 유기종자에 우점하는 곰팡이와 세균에는 Altanaria sp.와 Pseudomonas sp.이 있었다. 2% 베이킹 소다 단독처리만으로는 근채류, 엽채류, 과채류 유기종자의 살균 효과가 낮았지만, 초음파와 혼합처리를 할 경우 발아율과 소독 효과가 상승하였다. 무, 순무, 배추 및 양배추 유기종자에서는 2% 베이킹 소다에서 초음파를 각각 1분간 처리하는 것이 살균 효과와 발아율에 가장 좋았다. 비트, 참외 및 수박 유기종자는 2% 베이킹 소다에서 초음파를 각각 2분간 처리하는 것이 살균 효과와 발아율에 가장 좋았다. 향후, 초음파와 베이킹 소다를 이용한 친환경 종자소독기술은 다른 기술보다 더 효과적이고 경제적이기 때문 다른 작물에 대한 확대 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각한다.

키워드
가성소다
유기종자
초음파
소독
채소
References
1
Arslan U, Ilhan K, Vardar C, Karabulut OA (2009) Evaluation of antifungal activity of food additives against soilborne phytopathogenic fungi. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 25:537-543. doi:10.1007/s11274-008-9921-1
10.1007/s11274-008-9921-1
2
Balachandran S, Kentish SE, Mawson R, Ashokkumar M (2006) Ultrasonic enhancement of the supercritical extraction from ginger. Ultrason Sonochem 13:471-479. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2005.11.006
10.1016/j.ultsonch.2005.11.00616423551
3
Bang JH, Kim HY, Kim HK, Beuchat LR, Ryu JH (2011) Combined effects of chlorine dioxide, drying, and dry heat treatments in inactivating microorganisms on radish seeds. Food Microbiol 28:114-118. doi:10.1016/j.fm.2010.09.002
10.1016/j.fm.2010.09.00221056782
4
Casals C, Teixidó N, Viñas I, Silver E, Lamarca N, Usall J (2010) Combination of hot water, Bacillus subtilis CPA-8 and sodium bicarbonate treatments to control postharvest brown rot on peaches and nectarines. Eur J Plant Pathol 128:51-63. doi:10.1007/s10658-010-9628-7
10.1007/s10658-010-9628-7
5
Cevantes FA, de Sousa G, Paradella TC, Koga-Ito CY, Jorge AOC (2009) Effect of sodium bicarbonate on Candida albicans adherence to thermally activated acrylic resin. Braz Oral Rez 23:381-385. doi:10.1590/S1806-83242009000400006
10.1590/S1806-8324200900040000620027444
6
Chiu KY, Sung JM (2013) Use of ultrasonication to enhance pea seed germination and microbial quality of pea sprouts. Int J Food Sci Technol 49:1699-1706. doi:10.1111/ijfs.12476
10.1111/ijfs.12476
7
Choi BH, Hong BH, Kang GY, Kim JK, Kim SH, Min TK (2001) Shingo Seed Sciences, Hyangmun Co., Ltd., Korea, p. 314
8
Corral LG, Post LS, Montville TJ (1988) Antimicrobial activity of sodium bicarbonate. J Food Sci 53:981-982. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1988.tb09005.x
10.1111/j.1365-2621.1988.tb09005.x
9
Ding H, Fu TJ, Smith MA (2013) Microbial contamination in sprouts: how effective is seed disinfection treatment. J Food Sci 78:495-501. doi:10.1111/1750-3841.12064
10.1111/1750-3841.1206423464679
10
Fan H, Ding L, Xu Y, Du C (2017) Seed germination, seedling growth and antioxidant system responses in cucumber exposed to Ca(NO3)2. Hortic Environ Biotechnol 58:548-559. doi:10.1007/s13580-017-0025-4
10.1007/s13580-017-0025-4
11
Fukushim A, Ohta H, Kaji R, Tsuda N (2015) Effects of hot water disinfection and cold water seed soaking on germination in feed rice varieties of Tohoku region. Jpn J Crop Sci 84:439-444. doi:10.1626/jcs.84.439
10.1626/jcs.84.439
12
Gabrielson RL (1983) Blackleg diseases of crucifers caused by Leptosphaeria maculans (Phoma lingam) and its control. Seed Sci Technol 11:749-780
13
Gamagae SU, Sivakumar D, Wijeratnam RSW, Wijesundera RLC (2003) Use of sodium bicarbonate and Candida oleophila to control anthracnose in papaya during storage. Crop Prot 22:775-779. doi:10.1016/S0261-2194(03)00046-2
10.1016/S0261-2194(03)00046-2
14
Gitaitis R, Walcott R (2007) The epidemiology and management of seedborne bacterial diseases. Annu Rev Phytopathol 45:371-397. doi:10.1146/annurev.phyto.45.062806.094321
10.1146/annurev.phyto.45.062806.09432117474875
15
Goussous SJ, Samarah NH, Alqudah AM, Othman MO (2010) Enhancing seed germination of four crop species using an ultrasonic technique. Exp Agric 46:231-242. doi:10.1017/s0014479709991062
10.1017/S0014479709991062
16
Hang YD, Woodams EE (2003) Control of Fusarium oxysporum by baking soda. LWT - Food Sci Technol 36:803-805. doi:10.1016/S0023-6438(03)00095-1
10.1016/S0023-6438(03)00095-1
17
Jensen JL (1988) The propagation and prevention of smut in oats and barley. In Jour Roy Agr Soc England 24:397-415
18
Jung SG, Sung JH, Lee HJ (2019) Present situation and future of domestic and foreign environmental-friendly agricultural products production and consumption market in 2019. Analysis Current Issue 66 KREI, p 17
19
Kang SH, Kang JH, Jeon BS, Choi YW, Lee SW (2003) Effect of germination temperature and light quality on germination of pretreated gourd seed. Korean J Life Sci 13:9-14. doi:10.5352/JLS.2003.13.1.009
10.5352/JLS.2003.13.1.009
20
Karabulut OA, Lurie S, Droby S (2001) Evaluation of the use of sodium bicarbonate, potassium sorbate and yeast antagonists for decreasing postharvest decay of sweet cherries. Postharvest Biol Technol 23:233-236. doi:10.1016/S0925-5214(01)00151-X
10.1016/S0925-5214(01)00151-X
21
Kim DH, Lee JM (2001) Effects of seed sterilization treatment on germination and seedling growth of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria). J Kor Soc Horic Sci 42:131-136
22
Kim DS, Song SK, Park YS (2010) A comparison of single disinfection process for inactivation of E. coli. KSBB J 25:25-32
23
Kim HK, Kim HY, Bang JH, Beuchat LR, Ryu JH (2010) Synergistic effect of chlorine dioxide and drying treatments for inactivating Escherichia coli O157:H7 on radish seeds. J Food Prot 73:1225-30. doi:10.4315/0362-028X-73.7.1225
10.4315/0362-028X-73.7.122520615334
24
Kim MJ, Shim CK, Kim YK, Ko BG, Byun YW, Park JH, Han EJ (2018) Evaluation of hot water treatment and loess-sulfur mixture for disinfectin of watermelon seeds for organic farming. Korean J Pestic Sci 22:276-283. doi:10.7585/kjps.2018.22.4.276
10.7585/kjps.2018.22.4.276
25
Kim WI, KimSY, Kim IS, Han SH, Kim SL, Yoon BH, Ryu JK, Kim HJ (2016) Effects of sample preparation methods for the isolation of foodborne pathogens from sprout seeds. J Food Hyg Saf 31:465-470. doi:10.13103/JFHS.2016.31.6.465
10.13103/JFHS.2016.31.6.465
26
Lee JH, Shen SS, Park YJ, Ryu KY, Jee HJ (2007) Evaluation of hot water treatment for disinfection of vegetable seeds for organic farming. Res Plant Dis 13:157-163. doi:10.5423/RPD.2007.13.3.157
10.5423/RPD.2007.13.3.157
27
Letscher-Bru V, Obszynski CM, Samsoen M, Sabou M, Waller J, Candolfi E (2013) Antifungal activity of sodium bicarbonate against fungal agents causing superficial infections. Mycopathologia 175:153-158. doi:10.1007/s11046-012-9583-2
10.1007/s11046-012-9583-222991095
28
Liu J, Wang Q, Karagić D, Liu X, Cui J, Gui J, Gu M, Gao W (2016) Effects of ultrasonication on increased germination and improved seedling growth of aged grass seeds of tall fescue and Russian wild rye. Sci Rep 6:22403. doi:10.1038/srep22403
10.1038/srep2240326928881PMC4772161
29
Marvin HJP, Ter Beest MBA, Withholt B (1989) Release of outer membrane fragments from wild-type Escherichia coli and from several E. coli lipopolysaccharide mutants by EDTA and heart shock treatments. J Bacteriol 171:5262-5267. doi:10.1128/JB.171.10.5262-5267.1989
10.1128/JB.171.10.5262-5267.19892507517PMC210360
30
Miano AC, Fort VA, Abud HF, Gomes-Junior FG, Cicero SM (2015) Effect of ultrasound technology on barley seed germination and vigour. Seed Sci Technol 43:297-302. doi:10.15258/sst.2015.43.2.10
10.15258/sst.2015.43.2.10
31
Michalczyk M, Fiutak G, Tarko T (2019) Effect of hot water treatment of seeds on quality indicators of alfalfa sprouts. LWT-Food Sci Technol 113:108270. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108270
10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108270
32
Miller SA, Melanie L, Lewis I (2005) Hot water and chlorine treatment of vegetable seeds to eradicate bacterial plant pathogens. Ohio State University Extension Fact Sheet, HYG-3085-05
33
Ministry of Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA) (2017) Act on the promotion of environment-friendly agriculture and fisheries and the management of and support for organic foods, etc. MAFRA, Sejong, Korea
34
Miyasaki KT, Genco RJ, Wilson ME (1986) Antimicrobial properties of hydrogen peroxide and sodium bicarbonate individually and in combination against selected oral gram-negative facultative bacteria. J Dental Res 65:45-48. doi:10.1177/00220345860650090601
10.1177/002203458606500906013016051
35
National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Foods (NACMCF) (1999) Microbiological safety evaluations and recommendations on sprouted seeds. Int J Food Microbiol 52:123-153. doi:10.1016/S0168-1605(99)00135-X
10.1016/S0168-1605(99)00135-X
36
Nega VE, Ulrich R, Werner S, Jahn M (2003) Effect of hot water treatment against seed borne pathogens on vegetable seed. Gesunde Pflanen 53:177-184
37
Palou L, Smilanick JL, Crisosto CH (2009) Evaluation of food additives as alternative or complementary chemicals to conventional fungicides for the control of major postharvest diseases of stone fruit. J Food Prot 72:1037-1046. doi:10.4315/0362-028X-72.5.1037
10.4315/0362-028X-72.5.103719517732
38
Palou L, Smilanick JL, Usall J, Viñas I (2001) Control of postharvest blue and green molds of oranges by hot water, sodium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate. Plant Dis 85:371-376. doi:10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.4.371
10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.4.37130831968
39
Park HG, Kwon OD, Lee I, Shin HR, Kim SY, Park IJ, Kuk YI (2003) Influence of water temperature, soaking period, and chemical dosage on Bakanae disease of rice (Gibberella fujikuroi) in seed disinfection. Korean J Pestic Sci 7:216-222
40
Park WS, Yeh WH, Lee SW, Han SS, Lee JS, Lim CK, Lee YH (2008) Electron microscopic study for the influence of soaking in hot water and prochloraz solution on spore and mycelium of Fusarium fujikuroi infected in rice seed. Res. Plant Dis 14:176-181. doi:10.5423/RPD.2008.14.3.176
10.5423/RPD.2008.14.3.176
41
Patero T, Augusto PED (2015) Ultrasound (US) enhances the hydration of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) grains. Ultrason Sonochem 23: 11-15. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.10.021
10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.10.02125465094
42
Rapuntean G, Nadas G, Denes A (2005) Ultrasounds action on microorganisms in normal culture conditions. Bulletin UASVM Agric 62: 281-285
43
Roh J, Kim G, Yoon Y, Nam M, Shin D (2011) Effects of hot water treatment for seed disinfection and seed germination in rice. Phytopatholog 101:S155
44
Rural Development of Administration (RDA) (2011) Manual of organic seed production. RDA, Suwon, Korea, p 105
45
Scouten AJ, Beuchat LR (2002) Combined effects of chemical, heat and ultrasound treatments to kill Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on alfalfa seeds. J Appl Microbiol 92:668-674. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01571.x
10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01571.x11966907
46
Shihacek KJ, Taake KR (2005) Sodium bicarbonate and hydrogen peroxide: the effect on the growth of Streptococcus mutans. J Dent Hyg 79:7
47
Soria AC, Villamiel M (2010) Effect of ultrasound on the technological properties and bioactivity of food: a review. Trends Food Sci Technol 21:323-331. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2010.04.003
10.1016/j.tifs.2010.04.003
48
Timonin M (1966) Effect of ultrasound on the germinaton of white spruce and jack pine seeds. Can J Bot 44:113-115. doi:10.1139/b66-017
10.1139/b66-017
49
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) (2002) Sodium bicarbonate - CAS N°: 144-55-8 Nairobi, Kenya: UNEP. http://www.chem.unep.ch/irptc/sids/OECDSIDS/Sodium_bicarbonate.pdf
50
Waje C, Kwon JH (2007) Improving the food safety of seed sprouts through irradiation treatment. Food Sci Biotechnol 16:171-176
51
Wang Q, Chen G, Yersaiyiti H, Liu Y, Cui J, Wu C, Zhang Y, He X (2012) Modeling Analysis on germination and seedling growth using ultrasound seed pretreatment in switchgrass. PLoS ONE 7:e47204. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047204
10.1371/journal.pone.004720423071756PMC3468461
52
Yaldagard M, Mortazavi SA, Tabatabaie F (2008) Application of ultrasonic waves as a priming technique for accelerating and enhancing the germination of barley seed: optimization of method by the Taguchi approach. J Insti Brewing 114:14-21. doi:10.1002/j.2050-0416.2008.tb00300.x
10.1002/j.2050-0416.2008.tb00300.x
53
Yao H, Tian S, Wang Y (2004) Sodium bicarbonate enhances biocontrol efficacy of yeasts on fungal spoilage of pears. Int J Food Microbiol 93:297-304. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2003.11.011
10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2003.11.01115163586
54
Yoo SH, Kim WG, Cho WD, Lee YH (1994) Study on the isolation and identification of plant pathogens of commercial vegetable seed. National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Korea, pp 729-726
Information
  • Publisher :KOREAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
  • Publisher(Ko) :원예과학기술지
  • Journal Title :Horticultural Science and Technology
  • Journal Title(Ko) :원예과학기술지
  • Volume : 38
  • No :3
  • Pages :332-341
  • Received Date : 2020-01-14
  • Revised Date : 2020-02-15
  • Accepted Date : 2020-02-26
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7235/HORT.20200032
Journal Informaiton Horticultural Science and Technology Horticultural Science and Technology
Online Submission
  • scopus
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • crossref crossmark
  • crossref cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close